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Rakshit, R. K.
- Influence of Fabrication Processes on Transport Properties of Superconducting Niobium Nitride Nanowires
Abstract Views :397 |
PDF Views:129
Authors
Manju Singh
1,
Rishu Chaujar
2,
Sudhir Husale
1,
S. Grover
3,
Amit P. Shah
3,
Mandar M. Deshmukh
3,
Anurag Gupta
1,
V. N. Singh
1,
V. N. Ojha
1,
D. K. Aswal
1,
R. K. Rakshit
1
Affiliations
1 Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-NPL Campus, Dr K.S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110 012, IN
2 Microelectronics Research Laboratory, Department of Engineering Physics, Delhi Technological University, Bawana Road, Delhi 110 042, IN
3 Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400 005, IN
1 Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-NPL Campus, Dr K.S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110 012, IN
2 Microelectronics Research Laboratory, Department of Engineering Physics, Delhi Technological University, Bawana Road, Delhi 110 042, IN
3 Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400 005, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 114, No 07 (2018), Pagination: 1443-1450Abstract
Fabrication of niobium nitride (NbN) superconducting nanowires based on focused ion beam (FIB) milling and electron beam lithography (EBL) is presented. The NbN films were deposited using reactive magnetron sputtering. Argon-to-nitrogen ratio turned out to be a crucial factor in synthesizing high quality superconducting NbN. Critical temperatures (Tc) of around 15.5 K were measured for films with a thickness of around 10 nm. Zero-field-cooled magnetization was measured to optimize the superconducting properties of ultra thin NbN films. The transport behaviour was studied using conventional resistance vs temperature and current-voltage characteristics down to 2 K. Effect of gallium contamination on superconducting properties has been discussed. Whereas the various processing steps of standard EBL route do not have any significant impact on the superconducting transition temperature as well as on the transition width of nanowires, there is significant degradation of superconducting properties of nanowires prepared using FIB. This has been attributed to gallium ion implantation across the superconducting channel. Although the effect of gallium implantation may have technological limitations in designing fascinating single photon detector architectures, it provides some interesting low-dimensional superconducting properties.Keywords
DC Magnetron Sputtering, EBL, FIB, Niobium Nitride, Superconducting Nanostructure, Thin Films.References
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- Cryogenic Measurement Set-Up for Characterization of Superconducting Nano Structures for Single-Photon Detection Applications
Abstract Views :381 |
PDF Views:105
Authors
Affiliations
1 Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-NPL Campus, Dr K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110 012, IN
2 Microelectronics Research Lab, Department of Engineering Physics, Delhi Technological University, Bawana Road, Delhi 110 042, IN
1 Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-NPL Campus, Dr K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110 012, IN
2 Microelectronics Research Lab, Department of Engineering Physics, Delhi Technological University, Bawana Road, Delhi 110 042, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 115, No 6 (2018), Pagination: 1085-1090Abstract
We discuss the design and development of a cryogenic set-up down to ~1.8 K for carrying out measurements on superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors. The set-up consists of two separate low-temperature inserts, one for electrical characterization and the other for optical measurements and characterization of single-photon detectors. A sample holder with necessary arrangements for precise alignment of laser light with the active area of the device to enhance optical coupling efficiency has been designed for the optical probe. The invar alloy has been used for the sample holder to ensure that the alignment is not disturbed at low temperature. Single-mode fibres due to their high transmission rate, minimum attenuation and least distortion have been used to shine light on the samples. The sample holder with 20-pin LCC socket and matching chip carrier provides convenient and fast sample mounting in the electrical insert. Mumetal has been employed to cover the sample space in both the inserts in order to attenuate any electromagnetic interference. Temperature stability with the passage of time has been monitored. It has been found that variation in temperature is less than 10 mK at the lowest operating temperature. Another important advantage of the system is its low enough liquid helium loss rate (~100 ml/h) with all inserts, which allows uninterrupted measurements for several days without any refilling of liquid helium.Keywords
Device Packaging, Optical Alignment, Liquid Helium Cryostat, Low Temperature Measurement Probe.References
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- Xiao-Song Ma, X.-S. et al., Quantum teleportation over 143 kilometres using active feed-forward. Nature, 2012, 489, 269–273.
- Takesue, H., Dyer, S. D., Stevens, M. J., Verma, V., Mirin, R. P. and Nam, S. W., Quantum teleportation over 100 km of fiber using highly efficient superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors. Optica, 2015, 2, 832–835.
- Hadfield, R. H., Single-photon detectors for optical quantum information applications. Nature Photonics, 2009, 3, 696–705, and references therein.
- Wang, S. et al., 2 GHz clock quantum key distribution over 260 km of standard telecom fiber. Opt. Lett., 2012, 37, 1008–1010.
- Yao, X.-C. et al., Experimental demonstration of topological error correction. Nature, 2012, 482, 489–494.
- Shimizu, K. et al., Performance of long-distance quantum key distribution over 90-km optical links installed in a field environment of Tokyo metropolitan area. J. Lightwave Technol., 2014, 32, 141– 151.
- Northup, T. E. and Blatt, R., Quantum information transfer using photons. Nature Photonics, 2014, 8, 356–363.
- Korzh, B. et al., Provably secure and practical quantum key distribution over 307 km of optical fibre. Nature Photonics, 2014, 9, 163–168.
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- Natarajan, C. M., Tanner, M. G. and Hadfield, R. H., Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors: physics and applications. Supercond. Sci. Technol., 2012, 25, 063001(1–16), and references therein.
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